The two-volume Encyclopedia of Supramolecular Chemistry offers authoritative, centralized
information on a rapidly expanding interdisciplinary field. User-friendly and high-quality …

We have assembled references of 700 articles published in 2001 that describe work
performed using commercially available optical biosensors. To illustrate the technology's …

Immunochemistry has traditionally focused on understanding the molecular basis of
antibody binding affinity and specificity. In the last 20 years a major shift has occurred in the …

Structural flexibility in germline gene-encoded antibodies allows promiscuous binding to
diverse antigens. The binding affinity and specificity for a particular epitope typically …

Computational design of protein function has made substantial progress, generating new
enzymes, binders, inhibitors, and nanomaterials not previously seen in nature. However, the …

Here, we compare an antibody with the highest known engineered affinity (Kd= 270fM) to its
high affinity wild-type (Kd= 700pM) through thermodynamic, kinetic, structural, and …

During the affinity maturation process the immune system produces antibodies with higher
specificity and activity through various rounds of somatic hypermutations in response to an …

The germline precursor to the ferrochelatase antibody 7G12 was found to bind the polyether
jeffamine in addition to its cognate hapten N-methylmesoporphyrin. A comparison of the X …

The T cell receptor (TCR) αβ heterodimer determines the peptide and MHC specificity of a T
cell. It has been proposed that in vivo selection processes maintain low TCR affinities …

The evolution of proteins with novel function is thought to start from precursor proteins that
are conformationally heterogeneous. The corresponding genes may be duplicated and then …