High incidences of waterborne diseases occur due to consumption of contaminated surface
water sources globally. Monitoring and health risk assessment is required to understand …

Background The spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has increasingly
agonized daily lives worldwide. As an archipelagic country, Indonesia has various physical …

A number of abiotic and biotic factors are known to regulate arthropod attraction,
colonization, and utilization of decomposing vertebrate remains. Such information is critical …

Many diseases have been associated with poor drinking water quality including diseases
caused by diarrheagenic pathogens, especially in developing countries where access to a …

Fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) are typically used to monitor microbial water quality but are
poor representatives of viruses due to different environmental fate. Viral fecal indicators …

Lack of access to clean water and adequate sanitation continues to be a major brake on
development. Here we present the results of a 12-month investigation into the dynamics of …

Bacterial pathogens in surface waters threaten human health. The health risk is especially
high in developing countries where sanitation systems are often lacking or deficient …

The occurrence of pathogen bacteria in surface waters is a threat to public health worldwide.
In particular, inadequate sanitation resulting in high contamination of surface water with …

Fecal indicator bacteria, such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Enterococcus, have been
widely used to indicate the presence of pathogens. However, the suitability of fecal indicator …

Fecal bacteria in surface water may indicate threats to human health. Our hypothesis is that
village settlements in tropical rural areas are major hotspots of fecal contamination because …