A hierarchical data model is needed in mobile navigation systems to generate route
instructions on multiple levels of detail (LODs), thereby adapting to users' various …

In this article we propose a hybrid spatial model for indoor environments. The model
consists of hierarchically structured graphs with typed edges and nodes. The model is hybrid …

Virtual characters often need to plan visually convincing paths through a complicated
environment. For example, a traveler may need to walk from an airport entrance to a …

Recent progress on indoor positioning and mobile devices allows to provide indoor spatial
information services such as indoor LBS or indoor disaster management. In order to realize …

Indoor routing represents an essential feature required by applications and systems that
provide spatial information about complex sites, buildings and infrastructures such as in the …

This paper presents two complementary methods: an approach to compute a network data-
set for indoor space of a building by using its two-dimensional (2D) floor plans and limited …

Over the past few years, several technological advances have been made to enable locating
people in indoor settings, where way finding is something we do on a daily basis. In a similar …

Introduction: Individuals with mobility impairments associated with lower limb disabilities
often face enormous challenges to participate in routine activities and to move around …

Intelligent Personal Assistant (IPA) agents are software agents which assist users in
performing specific tasks. They should be able to communicate, cooperate, discuss, and …

IndoorGML, a draft standard of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), defines an
information model for indoor space based on the requirements of indoor navigation …