Recent discoveries of basal extracellular Rickettsiales have illuminated divergent
evolutionary paths to host dependency in later-evolving lineages. Family Rickettsiaceae …

Macrophage-inducible C-type lectin receptor (Mincle) is predominantly found on antigen-
presenting cells. It can recognize specific ligands when stimulated by certain pathogens …

Inspired by the bionic mineralization theory, organic–inorganic composites with
hydroxyapatite nanorods orderly arranged along collagen fibrils have attracted extensive …

Necroptosis, a new type of regulated cell death with massive release of damage-associated
molecular patterns (DAMPs), is involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. However, the …

Immunotherapies, such as immune-checkpoint blockade and adoptive T-cell therapy, offer
novel treatment options with good efficacy for patients with urothelial bladder cancer …

Infection with Orientia tsutsugamushi, an obligate intracellular bacterium, can cause mild or
severe scrub typhus. Some patients develop acute lung injury, multi-organ failure, and fatal …

Orientia tsutsugamushi is an obligately intracellular bacterium with endothelial tropism and
can cause mild to lethal scrub typhus in humans. No vaccine is available for this reemerging …

Orientia tsutsugamushi is an obligately intracellular bacterium and an etiological agent of
scrub typhus. Human studies and animal models of scrub typhus have shown robust type 1 …

Scrub typhus is an acute febrile disease due to Orientia tsutsugamushi (Ot) infection and can
be life-threatening with organ failure, hemorrhage, and fatality. Yet, little is known as to how …

Host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are crucial for sensing pathogenic
microorganisms, launching innate responses, and shaping pathogen-specific adaptive …