Document layout analysis (DLA) is a preprocessing step of document understanding
systems. It is responsible for detecting and annotating the physical structure of documents …

Local binarization methods deal with the separation of foreground objects (textual content)
and background noise (non-text) specifically at the pixel level. This is a much-explored field …

Abstract COVID-19 (Coronavirus) went through a rapid escalation until it became a
pandemic disease. The normal and manual medical infection discovery may take few days …

Defect detection is one of the most important tasks and a challenging problem for industrial
quality control. Among the available visual inspection techniques, automatic thresholding is …

X-ray computed tomography is a common tool for non-destructive testing and analysis. One
major application of this imaging technique is 3D porosity identification and quantification …

With the development of sonar technology, sonar images have been widely used to detect
targets. However, there are many challenges for sonar images in terms of object detection …

The structure health monitoring of a concrete structure requires several sensors and
numerous non-destructive tests (NDT) to identify different kinds of damages and defects in …

This investigation constitutes a noteworthy progression in the advancement of more
sophisticated and precise botanical image analysis. The primary objective of this inquiry is to …

Image recognition is the process of recognizing and classifying objects with machine
learning algorithms. Image binarization is the first and most challenging step in image …

The classical Otsu method is a common tool in document image binarization. Often, two
classes, text and background, are imbalanced, which means that the assumption of the …