Approximately half of the patients with signs and symptoms of heart failure have a left
ventricular ejection fraction that is not markedly abnormal. Despite the historically initial …

Heart failure (HF) is the most rapidly growing cardiovascular health burden worldwide. HF
can be classified into three groups based on the percentage of the ejection fraction (EF) …

Background: The human heart primarily metabolizes fatty acids, and this decreases as
alternative fuel use rises in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Patients with …

In heart failure, alterations of Na+ and Ca2+ handling, energetic deficit, and oxidative stress
in cardiac myocytes are important pathophysiological hallmarks. Mitochondria are central to …

Background: Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) constitutes half of all
HF but lacks effective therapy. Understanding of its myocardial biology remains limited …

Cardiac injury and dysfunction occur in COVID-19 patients and increase the risk of mortality.
Causes are ill defined but could be through direct cardiac infection and/or inflammation …

Normal cardiac function requires that intracellular Ca2+ concentration be reduced to low
levels in diastole so that the ventricle can relax and refill with blood. Heart failure is often …

Myocardial injury induces significant changes in ventricular structure and function at both the
cellular and anatomic level, leading to ventricular remodeling and subsequent heart failure …

Background: Defects in energetics are thought to be central to the pathophysiology of
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM); yet, the determinants of ATP availability are not known …

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) accounts for at least half the cases of
heart failure, currently diagnosed. There are several cardiac and non-cardiac manifestations …