Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. There are an estimated 1031 phage on the
planet, making them the most abundant form of life. We are rapidly approaching the …

Shiga toxins (Stx) of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are generally encoded
in the genome of lambdoid bacteriophages, which spend the most time of their life cycle …

In this article we explain how current events in the field of phage therapy may positively
influence its future development. We discuss the shift in position of the authorities …

Shiga toxins are the main virulence factors of a group of Escherichia coli strains [Shiga toxin-
producing E. coli (STEC)] that cause severe human diseases, such as haemorrhagic colitis …

Shiga toxins are a group of type 2 ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) produced in several
types of bacteria. The toxins possess an AB 5 structure, which comprises a catalytic A chain …

Background Stx bacteriophages are responsible for driving the dissemination of Stx toxin
genes (stx) across their bacterial host range. Lysogens carrying Stx phages can cause …

Specific Escherichia coli isolates lysogenised with prophages that express Shiga toxin (Stx)
can be a threat to human health, with cattle being an important natural reservoir. In many …

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) may cause bloody diarrhea and hemorrhagic
colitis (HC), with subsequent systemic disease. Since genes coding for Shiga toxins (stx …

Multi isolate whole genome sequencing (WGS) and typing for outbreak investigations has
become a reality in the post-genomics era. We applied this technology to strains from …

Lytic or lysogenic infections by bacteriophages drive the evolution of enteric bacteria.
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) have recently emerged as a significant zoonotic …