Lactase persistence—the ability of adults to digest the lactose in milk—varies widely in
frequency across human populations. This trait represents an adaptation to the …

The first decade of ancient genomics has revolutionized the study of human prehistory and
evolution. We review new insights based on prehistoric modern human genomes, including …

More than two hundred papers have reported genome-wide data from ancient humans.
While the raw data for the vast majority are fully publicly available testifying to the …

By sequencing 727 ancient individuals from the Southern Arc (Anatolia and its neighbors in
Southeastern Europe and West Asia) over 10,000 years, we contextualize its Chalcolithic …

The maritime expansion of Scandinavian populations during the Viking Age (about ad 750–
1050) was a far-flung transformation in world history 1, 2. Here we sequenced the genomes …

The history of the British Isles and Ireland is characterized by multiple periods of major
cultural change, including the influential transformation after the end of Roman rule, which …

The origins of the Bronze Age Minoan and Mycenaean cultures have puzzled
archaeologists for more than a century. We have assembled genome-wide data from 19 …

We consider the long-term relationship between human demography, food production, and
Holocene climate via an archaeological radiocarbon date series of unprecedented sampling …

The nature and distribution of political power in Europe during the Neolithic era remains
poorly understood. During this period, many societies began to invest heavily in building …

The sequencing of modern and ancient genomes from around the world has revolutionized
our understanding of human history and evolution. However, the problem of how best to …