We present a new synthesis of oceanic crustal structure from two‐dimensional seismic
profiles to explore differences related to spreading rate and age. Primary results are as …

Resolving the modes of mantle convection through Earth history, ie when plate tectonics
started and what kind of mantle dynamics reigned before, is essential to the understanding …

We present an updated oceanic crustal age grid and a set of complementary grids including
spreading rate, asymmetry, direction, and obliquity. Our data set is based on a selected set …

The subducting oceanic lithosphere may carry a large amount of chemically bound water
into the deep Earth interior, returning water to the mantle, facilitating melting, and hence …

The conditions of methane (CH4) formation in olivine-hosted secondary fluid inclusions and
their prevalence in peridotite and gabbroic rocks from a wide range of geological settings …

Chemical composition of mafic magmas is a critical indicator of physicochemical conditions,
such as pressure, temperature, and fluid availability, accompanying melt production in the …

The concentration of carbon in primary mid‐ocean ridge basalts (MORBs), and the
associated fluxes of CO2 outgassed at ocean ridges, is examined through new data …

The oceanic crust that enters a subduction zone is generally recycled to great depth. In rare
and punctuated episodes, however, blueschists and eclogites derived from subducted …

From our analyses of fundamental and higher-mode surface waves from∼ 1.2× 10 7
seismograms, we constructed tomographic models of V sv and V sh. At depths shallower …

The plate tectonic theory requires a rigid lithosphere floating over a weak asthenosphere,
separated by the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary, which has been sometimes …