Voter turnout has puzzled political scientists ever since Anthony Downs postulated the
paradox of voting. Despite decades of research aiming to understand what drives citizens to …

For more than a century party members have played a central role in many parliamentary
democracies, helping political parties to mobilize voters, and visibly linking party leaders …

The question 'Who votes in Africa?'has yet to receive significant attention. We use
Afrobarometer survey data to assess the determinants of voting for over 17,000 voting-age …

Bundestagswahlen, Landtagswahlen, Kommunalwahlen, Europawahlen–seit Jahren sinkt
die Wahlbeteiligung in Deutschland. Doch was steht hinter diesem Trend und was bedeutet …

This chapter examines the way in which proportional representation by means of the single
transferable vote (PR-STV) came to be adopted as the Irish electoral system and discusses …

Advocates of proportional representation (PR) often cite its potential for increasing citizen
involvement in politics as one of PR's fundamental advantages over plurality or first-past-the …

Britain has become increasingly diverse over the last fifty years and she has been fortunate
to attract relatively highly educated immigrants with democratic values and positive …

Well-educated citizens vote more frequently than the poorly educated in some countries,
including the USA. However, in many countries, no such differences are observed. One …

The impetus for writing this book can be traced to a council block in the inner-London
borough of Hackney. Hackney is one of the most deprived local authorities in the UK, and …

In most countries around the world, women continue to lag behind men in an array of
political orientations and activities. Understanding why this is the case and why some …