This review summarizes our current understanding of translation in prokaryotes, focusing on
the mechanistic and structural aspects of each phase of translation: initiation, elongation …

The high-resolution structures of ribosomal subunits published in 2000 have revolutionized
the field of protein translation. They facilitated the determination and interpretation of …

Although toxin–antitoxin gene cassettes were first found in plasmids, recent database
mining has shown that these loci are abundant in free-living prokaryotes, including many …

▪ Abstract Great advances have been made in the past three decades in understanding the
molecular mechanics underlying protein synthesis in bacteria, but our understanding of the …

The Escherichia coli relBE operon encodes a toxin-antitoxin pair, RelE-RelB. RelB can
reverse inhibition of protein synthesis by RelE in vivo. We have found that although RelE …

Translation termination is an essential cellular process, which is also of therapeutic interest
for diseases that manifest from premature stop codons. In eukaryotes, translation termination …

During the ribosomal translocation, the binding of elongation factor G (EF-G) to the
pretranslocational ribosome leads to a ratchet-like rotation of the 30S subunit relative to the …

The sequential addition of amino acids to a growing polypeptide chain is carried out by the
ribosome in a complicated multistep process called the elongation cycle. It involves accurate …

In the early stage of bacterial translation, peptidyl-tRNAs frequently dissociate from the
ribosome (pep-tRNA drop-off) and are recycled by peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase. Here, we …

Eukaryotic translation termination is triggered by peptide release factors eRF1 and eRF3.
Whereas eRF1 recognizes all three termination codons and induces hydrolysis of peptidyl …