The idea for this book arose from a series of lectures on modern programming paradigms,
feature-oriented programming, and software product lines that are continuously held at the …

In the era of mobile devices and the Internet of things, software systems are ubiquitous. A
multitude of hardware specifics, fast development of applications, and the need of …

Highly-configurable software systems are pervasive, although configuration options and
their interactions raise complexity of the program and increase maintenance effort …

Variant-rich software systems offer a large degree of customization, allowing users to
configure the target system according to their preferences and needs. Facing high degrees …

Tracing requirements to their implementation is crucial to all stakeholders of a software
development process. When managing software variability, requirements are typically …

Highly configurable software often uses preprocessor annotations to handle variability.
However, understanding, maintaining, and evolving code with such annotations is difficult …

Developers spend a substantial amount of their time with program comprehension. To
improve their comprehension and refresh their memory, developers need to communicate …

Editing the source code of variational software is complicated by the presence of variation
annotations, such as# ifdef statements, and by code that is only included in some …

The C preprocessor (CPP) is a simple and language-independent tool, widely used to
implement variable software systems using conditional compilation (ie, by including or …

Preprocessors support the diversification of software products with# ifdefs, but also require
additional effort from developers to maintain and understand variable code. We conjecture …