Global climate change is identified as a major threat to survival of natural ecosystems.
Climate change is a dynamic, multifaceted system of alterations in environmental conditions …

The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed an interconnected and tightly coupled globalized
world in rapid change. This article sets the scientific stage for understanding and responding …

Chapter 2, building on prior assessments1, provides a global assessment of the observed
impacts and projected risks of climate change to terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems …

This chapter assesses simulations of future global climate change, spanning time horizons
from the near term (2021–2040), mid-term (2041–2060), and long term (2081–2100) out to …

It is unequivocal that the increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4)
and nitrous oxide (N2O) since the pre-industrial period are caused by human activities. The …

Short‑lived climate forcers (SLCFs) affect climate and are, in most cases, also air pollutants.
They include aerosols (sulphate, nitrate, ammonium, carbonaceous aerosols, mineral dust …

Chapter 2, building on prior assessments, provides a global assessment of the observed
impacts and projected risks of climate change to terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems …

Carbon budget accounting relies heavily on Food and Agriculture Organization land-use
data reported by governments. Here we develop a new land-use and cover-change …

Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions and their
redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate …

Global aviation operations contribute to anthropogenic climate change via a complex set of
processes that lead to a net surface warming. Of importance are aviation emissions of …