Artificial ion channels with ion permeability and selectivity comparable to their biological
counterparts are highly desired for efficient separation, biosensing, and energy conversion …

Water solubility and structural stability are key merits for proteins defined by the primary
sequence and 3D-conformation. Their manipulation represents important aspects of the …

Three billion years of evolution has produced a tremendous diversity of protein molecules,
but the full potential of proteins is likely to be much greater. Accessing this potential has …

The prediction of protein three-dimensional structure from amino acid sequence has been a
grand challenge problem in computational biophysics for decades, owing to its intrinsic …

The computational de novo protein design is increasingly applied to address a number of
key challenges in biomedicine and biological engineering. Successes in expanding …

Deep learning is catalyzing a scientific revolution fueled by big data, accessible toolkits, and
powerful computational resources, impacting many fields, including protein structural …

There are 20200 possible amino-acid sequences for a 200-residue protein, of which the
natural evolutionary process has sampled only an infinitesimal subset. De novo protein …

The precise assembly and engineering of molecular machines capable of handling
biomolecules play crucial roles in most single-molecule methods. In this work we use …

Protein design has come of age, but how will it mature? In the 1980s and the 1990s, the
primary motivation for de novo protein design was to test our understanding of the …

Directed evolution has proved to be an effective strategy for improving or altering the activity
of biomolecules for industrial, research and therapeutic applications. The evolution of …