Word problems (WPs) belong to the most difficult and complex problem types that pupils
encounter during their elementary-level mathematical development. In the classroom …

Numbers are present in every part of modern society and the human capacity to use
numbers is unparalleled in other species. Understanding the mental and neural …

Abstract concepts play a central role in human behaviour and constitute a critical component
of the human conceptual system. Here, we investigate the neural basis of four types of …

Spatial–numerical associations (SNAs) are prevalent yet their origin is poorly understood.
We first consider the possible prime role of reading habits in shaping SNAs and list three …

Current evidence suggests that numerical, spatial, and executive function (EF) skills each
play critical and independent roles in the learning and performance of mathematics …

People use space to conceptualize abstract domains like time and number. This tendency
may be a cognitive universal, but the specifics of people's implicit space–time and space …

A large number of experimental findings from neuroscience and experimental psychology
demonstrated interactions between spatial cognition and numerical cognition. In particular …

Number-to-space mapping and its directionality are compelling topics in the study of
numerical cognition. Usually, literacy and math education are thought to shape a left-to-right …

Human behavior is often guided by the development and use of language as a means of
communication and as a way to represent thoughts and knowledge. Notions of linguistic …

A practical, classroom-oriented guide to best-practice teaching. Learning specialist Leslie
Hart once wrote that designing educational experiences without knowledge of the brain is …