Epilepsy is one of the most common serious brain conditions, affecting over 70 million
people worldwide. Its incidence has a bimodal distribution with the highest risk in infants and …

The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is a crucial cellular
signaling hub that, like the nervous system itself, integrates internal and external cues to …

The goal of this paper is to provide updated diagnostic criteria for the epilepsy syndromes
that have a variable age of onset, based on expert consensus of the International League …

Epilepsy encompasses a group of heterogeneous brain diseases that affect more than 50
million people worldwide. Epilepsy may have discernible structural, infectious, metabolic …

Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) and hemimegalencephaly (HME) are epileptogenic
neurodevelopmental malformations caused by mutations in mTOR pathway genes. Deep …

Traditionally, we have considered genetic mutations that cause neurodevelopmental
diseases to be inherited or de novo germline mutations. Recently, we have come to …

Focal cortical dysplasia type II (FCDII) is a sporadic developmental malformation of the
cerebral cortex characterized by dysmorphic neurons, dyslamination and medically …

The mechanistic target of rapamycin signalling pathway serves as a ubiquitous regulator of
cell metabolism, growth, proliferation and survival. The main cellular activity of the …

This paper reviews advances in epilepsy in recent years with an emphasis on therapeutics
and underlying mechanisms, including status epilepticus, drug and surgical treatments …

The syndrome known as nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy is recognized worldwide and has
been studied in a wide range of clinical and scientific settings (epilepsy, sleep medicine …