Once thought to be sterile, the human lung is now well recognized to harbor a consortium of
microorganisms collectively known as the lung microbiome. The lung microbiome is altered …

Background Pneumonia is the leading cause of death among children younger than 5 years.
In this study, we estimated causes of pneumonia in young African and Asian children, using …

Background Pneumonia causes significant morbidity and mortality in children worldwide,
especially in resource-poor settings. Accurate identification of bacterial etiology leads to …

Background Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common bacterium that causes
community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. The rate of S. pneumoniae resistance to …

Abstract The Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health study was conducted across 7
diverse research sites and relied on standardized clinical and laboratory methods for the …

Backgroud Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of death in children under 5 years old.
Viruses have historically been the most common cause of community‐acquired pneumonia …

In the era of rapid development of molecular and other diagnostic methods, direct Gram
staining (DGS) tends to remain in the background, although it can provide both …

Background Few data exist describing pertussis epidemiology among infants and children in
low-and middle-income countries to guide preventive strategies. Methods Children 1–59 …

Background: Despite recent declines in new pediatric HIV infections and childhood HIV-
related deaths, pneumonia remains the leading cause of death in HIV-infected children …

Background. Sputum microscopy and culture are commonly used for diagnosing the cause
of pneumonia in adults but are rarely performed in children due to difficulties in obtaining …