Thyroid hormones are vital for the proper functioning of the female reproductive system,
since they modulate the metabolism and development of ovarian, uterine, and placental …

Thyroid gland organogenesis results in an organ the shape, size, and position of which are
largely conserved among adult individuals of the same species, thus suggesting that genetic …

Identification of the thyroid transcription factors (TTFs), NKX2-1, FOXE1, PAX8 and HHEX,
has considerably advanced our understanding of thyroid development, congenital thyroid …

Pax genes play key roles in the formation of tissues and organs during embryogenesis.
Pax3 and Pax7 mark myogenic progenitor cells and regulate their behavior and their entry …

The vertebrate lung consists of multiple cell types that are derived primarily from endodermal
and mesodermal compartments of the early embryo. The process of pulmonary …

BACKGROUND Implantation and early embryo development are finely regulated processes
in which several molecules are involved. Evidence that thyroid hormones (TH: T4 and T3) …

Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, storage, and secretion require a series of highly regulated
steps. Iodide, the rate-limiting substrate for thyroid hormone synthesis, is actively transported …

Thyroid hormones (THs), including T4 and T3, are produced and released by the thyroid
gland under the stimulation of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). The homeostasis of THs is …

Abstract Thyroid transcription factor 1 (NKX2-1/TITF1) mutations cause brain–lung–thyroid
syndrome, characterized by congenital hypothyroidism (CH), infant respiratory distress …

Congenital hypothyroidism is mainly due to structural defects of the thyroid gland,
collectively known as thyroid dysgenesis. The two most prevalent forms of this condition are …