Cellular spheroids are aggregates of cells that are being explored to address fundamental
biological questions and as building blocks for engineered tissues. Spheroids possess …

The construction of human organs on demand remains a tantalizing vision to solve the
organ donor shortage. Yet, engineering tissues that recapitulate the cellular and …

Modular biofabrication strategies using microtissues or organoids as biological building
blocks have great potential for engineering replacement tissues and organs at scale. Here …

Many cell types require direct cell–cell interactions for differentiation and function; yet, this
can be challenging to incorporate into 3‐dimensional (3D) structures for the engineering of …

Cell spheroids (esp. organoids) as 3D culture platforms are popular models for representing
cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions, bridging the gap between 2D cell …

The tumor microenvironment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the main block
for the penetration of chemotherapy. In the tumor microenvironment, a dense matrix …

Successful anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions strive for a firm bone-ligament
integration. With the aim to establish an enthesis-like construct, embroidered functionalized …

Bone regeneration of critical-sized bone defects, bone fractures or joint replacements
remains a significant clinical challenge. Although there has been rapid advancement in both …

The significance of 3D cell culture—ie, the maintenance of cell characteristics by mimicking
the natural environment—has been increasing, and various 3D cell culture methods have …

Tissue engineering needs bioactive drug delivery scaffolds capable of guiding cell
biosynthesis and tissue morphogenesis in three dimensions. Several strategies have been …