Almost 25 years after the first report that glutamate can activate receptors coupled to
heterotrimeric G-proteins, tremendous progress has been made in the field of metabotropic …

Phospholipases are a diverse group of enzymes whose activation may be responsible for
the development of injury following insult to the brain. Amongst the numerous isoforms of …

Phospholipase Cβ (PLCβ) isozymes represent a family of molecules that link G protein-
coupled receptors (GPCRs) to an intracellular signaling network. Here, we investigated the …

Upon activation of cell surface receptors coupled to the Gq subclass of G proteins,
phospholipase C (PLC) β hydrolyses membrane phospholipid to yield a pair of second …

It has been wondered why we can discriminate between itching and pain as different
sensations. Several researchers have investigated neural mechanisms underlying their …

Receptor mediated transcytosis harnessing the cellular uptake and transport of natural
ligands across the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) has been identified as a means for antibody …

The mediodorsal thalamic nucleus has been implicated in the control of memory processes.
However, the underlying neural mechanism remains unclear. Here we provide evidence for …

1 Although previous reports have suggested that the sigma 1 (σ1) receptor may be involved
in pain sensation, its specific site of action has not been elucidated. The aim of present study …

Regulator of G-protein signaling 4 (RGS4) is a potent modulator of G-protein-coupled
receptor signal transduction that is expressed throughout the pain matrix. Here, we use …

The glutamatergic pathway has been consistently involved in the physiopathology of
depressive disorder. However a complete dissection and integration of its role in the context …