The study of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) is rapidly progressing in many aspects. Novel
BoNTs are being discovered owing to next generation sequencing, but their biologic and …

Importance Achalasia significantly affects patients' quality of life and can be difficult to
diagnose and treat. Objective To review the diagnosis and management of achalasia, with a …

Achalasia is a relatively rare primary motor esophageal disorder, characterized by absence
of relaxations of the lower esophageal sphincter and of peristalsis along the esophageal …

Achalasia is a rare motility disorder of the oesophagus characterised by loss of enteric
neurons leading to absence of peristalsis and impaired relaxation of the lower oesophageal …

Introduction Achalasia is a primary motor disorder of the oesophagus characterised by
absence of peristalsis and insufficient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation. With new …

Achalasia is a primary motor disorder of the esophagus characterized by insufficient lower
esophageal sphincter relaxation and loss of esophageal peristalsis. This results in patients' …

Background: Although rare, esophageal achalasia is the best described primary esophageal
motility disorder. Commonly used treatments are endoscopic botulin toxin injection (EBTI) …

Achalasia is an esophageal motility disorder characterized by aberrant peristalsis and
insufficient relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. Patients most commonly present …

Background After the first case of per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) at our institution in
2008, the procedure was quickly accepted as an alternative to surgical myotomy and is now …

Background The introduction of high-resolution manometry and the Chicago classification
has made it possible to diagnose achalasia and predict treatment response accurately. The …