Nausea and vomiting are common gastrointestinal complaints that can be triggered by
diverse emetic stimuli through central and/or peripheral nervous systems. Both nausea and …

Opioids are broad spectrum analgesics that are an integral part of the therapeutic
armamentarium to combat pain in the palliative care population. Unfortunately, among the …

Opioids are the prototypical analgesics, antitussives, and antidiarrheal drug class. The
opioid receptor system or opioid effects have been identified in numerous animal species …

Functional gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are common in the general population. Especially,
motor dysfunction of the GI tract and visceral hypersensitivity are important. Acupuncture has …

Motion sickness can occur when sensory inputs regarding body position in space are
contradictory or are different from those predicted from experience. Signals from the …

Chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of cancer are unfortunately better known for their
toxicity than for their efficacy. Although some of the toxic effects may be life-threatening …

Objective To compare the effects of morphine (MOR), methadone (MET), butorphanol (BUT)
and tramadol (TRA), in combination with acepromazine, on sedation, cardiorespiratory …

Introduction Acupuncture has been used for treating various gastrointestinal (GI) diseases.
However, the mechanism of acupuncture remains unclear. Methods The aim of this article is …

Many original research articles have been published that describe findings and outline
areas for the development of kappa-opioid agonists (KOAs) as novel drugs; however, a …

Objective To evaluate the anti‐emetic properties of acepromazine in dogs receiving opioids
as pre‐anesthetic medication. Study design Randomized prospective clinical study. Animals …