This paper presents a comprehensive review of ionic polymer–metal composite (IPMC)
actuators. Recently, strong emphasis has been put on investigating various ionic polymer …

In this paper we present a comprehensive review of ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC)
covering fundamentals of IPMC; from fabrication processes to control and applications …

This article reviews properties and characteristics of soft ionic polymer–metal
nanocomposites as soft biomimetic multifunctional distributed robotic materials, soft …

In the past decades, ion conductive polymers and elastomers have drawn worldwide
attention for their advanced functions in batteries, electroactive soft robotics, and sensors …

Ionic polymer metal composites (IPMCs) are electroactive polymers (EAPs) that are used as
soft actuators and sensors. Various mechanical or chemical manufacturing techniques, used …

Recently, researchers have concentrated on studying ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC)
artificial muscle, which has numerous advantages including a relatively large strain under …

In this paper, we analyze underwater energy harvesting from the flutter instability of a heavy
flag hosting an ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC). The heavy flag comprises a highly …

This paper discusses the design, fabrication, and characterization of an ionic polymer–metal
composite (IPMC) actuator-based bio-inspired active fin capable of bending and twisting …

In the field of soft actuators, Ionomeric Polymer Metal Composites (IPMC)-like devices are a
trend, exhibiting large displacement with low applied voltage. Its working mechanism is …

Although efforts to model the electrochemical behavior of ionomeric polymer-metal
composite (IPMC) devices through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) have …