Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile), known as the major cause of antibiotic-associated
diarrhea, is regarded as one of the most common healthcare-associated bacterial infections …

Background Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) remains the leading cause of healthcare-
associated diarrhoea, despite existing guidelines for infection control measures and …

Treatment for moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris relies on prolonged use of oral tetracycline-
class antibiotics; however, these broad-spectrum antibiotics are often associated with off …

TcdA and TcdB are known as the major virulence attributes of Clostridioides difficile. Hence,
neutralizing the TcdA and TcdB activities can be considered as an efficient therapeutic …

Clostridioides difficile causes a range of debilitating intestinal symptoms that may be fatal. It
is particularly problematic as a hospital-acquired infection, causing significant costs to the …

Oral vancomycin and metronidazole, though they are the therapeutic choice for
Clostridioides difficile infections (CDIs), also markedly disturb microbiota, leading to a …

The most common world-wide cause of antibiotic-associated infectious diarrhea and colitis
is the toxin producing bacterium, Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile). Here we review the …

Food-borne biotoxins from microbes, plants, or animals contaminate unclean, spoiled, and
rotten foods, posing significant health risks. Neutralizing such toxins is vital for human …

In vitro models of the human colon have been used extensively in understanding the human
gut microbiome (GM) and evaluating how internal and external factors affect the residing …

Abstract Single‐domain antibodies (sdAbs), such as VHHs, are increasingly being
developed for gastrointestinal (GI) applications against pathogens to strengthen gut health …