Peroxynitrite is a short-lived and reactive biological oxidant formed from the diffusion-
controlled reaction of the free radicals superoxide (O2•–) and nitric oxide (• NO). In this …

Highlights•Giardiasis is a multifactorial diarrheal disease.•Giardia infection can be protective
against other diarrheal diseases.•Giardia infection can induce IBS and chronic fatigue …

Giardia lamblia is a flagellated protozoan that is the most common cause of intestinal
parasitic infection in children living in resource-limited settings. The pathogenicity of Giardia …

Giardia duodenalis is a microaerophilic parasite of the human gastrointestinal tract and a
major contributor to diarrheal and post-infectious chronic gastrointestinal disease world …

Metronidazole (MTZ) is a clinically important antimicrobial agent that is active against both
bacterial and protozoan organisms. MTZ has been used extensively for more than 60 years …

The recently observed circadian oscillations of the intestinal microbiota underscore the
profound nature of the human–microbiome relationship and its importance for health …

This review presents the main cell characteristics altered after in vitro incubation of the
parasite with commercial drugs used to treat the disease caused by Giardia intestinalis. This …

The oxidative and nitrosative responses generated by animals and plants are important
defenses against infection and establishment of pathogenic microorganisms such as …

Giardia intestinalis is a microaerophilic parasite that infects the human upper small intestine,
an environment that is fairly aerobic with reactive oxygen species being produced to fight off …

Introduction Giardia lamblia is a flagellated protozoan parasite causing giardiasis, a
common intestinal infection characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea …