The tetracycline-controlled Tet-Off and Tet-On gene expression systems are used to regulate
the activity of genes in eukaryotic cells in diverse settings, varying from basic biological …

Compensatory mutations, due to their ability to mask the deleterious effects of another
mutation, are important for the adaptation and evolution of most organisms. Resistance to …

Using heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy, we demonstrate that a 13-residue peptide
(MSQIKRLLSEKKT) from the cytoplasmic tail of CD4 binds to Nef protein. This part of CD4 is …

A substantial risk in using live attenuated, multiply deleted viruses as vaccines against AIDS
is their potential to induce AIDS. A mutant of the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) with …

A prophylactic vaccine for HIV-1 is badly needed. Despite 20 years of effort, it is still a long
way off. However, considerable progress has been made in understanding the problem. The …

Vaccine strategies aimed at blocking virus entry have so far failed to induce protection
against heterologous viruses. Thus, the control of viral infection and the block of disease …

Containment of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic will require an
effective human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine. Accumulating evidence …

Since the discovery of AIDS in 1981, the global spread of HIV has reached pandemic
proportions, representing a global developmental and public health threat. The development …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) or exosomes have been implicated in the pathophysiology of
infections and cancer. The negative regulatory factor (Nef) encoded by simian …

Nef is an HIV-1 virulence factor that promotes viral pathogenicity by altering host cell
signaling pathways. Nef binds several members of the Src kinase family, and these …