Determining the psychological, computational, and neural bases of confidence and
uncertainty holds promise for understanding foundational aspects of human metacognition …

Metacognition–the ability to represent, monitor and control ongoing cognitive processes–
helps us perform many tasks, both when acting alone and when working with others. While …

Conscious experiences involve subjective qualities, such as colours, sounds, smells and
emotions. In this Perspective, we argue that these subjective qualities can be understood in …

Metacognition supports reflection upon and control of other cognitive processes. Despite
metacognition occupying a central role in human psychology, its neural substrates remain …

There is increasing evidence that imagination relies on similar neural mechanisms as
externally triggered perception. This overlap presents a challenge for perceptual reality …

We propose a new conceptual framework (computational validity) for translation across
species and populations based on the computational similarity between the information …

The two leading cognitive accounts of consciousness currently available concern global
workspace (a form of working memory) and metacognition. There is relatively little …

Brain perturbation studies allow detailed causal inferences of behavioral and neural
processes. Because the combination of brain perturbation methods and neural …

Every decision we make is accompanied by a sense of confidence about its likely outcome.
This sense informs subsequent behavior, such as investing more—whether time, effort, or …

The cerebral cortex performs computations via numerous six-layer modules. The operational
dynamics of these modules were studied primarily in early sensory cortices using bottom-up …