Plant parasitic nematodes (Root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp.) are rounded worms,
microscopic, and cause many agricultural economic losses. Their attacks have a direct …

Plant-parasitic nematodes cause significant damage to a broad range of vegetables and
agricultural crops throughout the world. As the natural enemies of nematodes …

Nematode-trapping fungi are “carnivorous” and attack their hosts using specialized trapping
devices. The morphological development of these traps is the key indicator of their switch …

Nematophagous fungi are natural enemies of nematodes. They comprise three main groups
of fungi: the nematodetrapping and the endoparasitic fungi that attack vermiform living …

Background: Haemonchus contortus is an important pathogenic nematode parasite and
major economic constraint of small ruminants in tropics and subtropics regions. This review …

Arthrobotrys oligospora, a predacious fungus of nematodes, has been very useful in
understanding the relationship between nematophagous fungi and their nematode hosts …

Microorganisms can attack and kill nematodes by diverse processes such as capturing,
parasitizing, and producing toxins and enzymes. Extracellular enzymes, including serine …

Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) cause severe damage to agricultural crops worldwide. As
most chemical nematicides have negative environmental side effects, there is a pressing …

In this review, we supply a framework for the importance of nematophagous fungi
(nematophagous fungi [NF]) and their role in agricultural ecosystems. We characterize the …

Serine proteases are among the most important biological additives in various industries
such as detergents, leather, animal feed and food. A serine protease gene, Fgapt4, from …