Since 1993 it has been recognized that for solar cells based on the chalcogenide absorber
material Cu (In, Ga) Se 2 (CIGSe) the incorporation of Na is crucial to obtain the highest …

In the past tens of years, the power conversion efficiency of Cu (In, Ga) Se 2 (CIGS) has
continuously improved and been one of the fastest growing photovoltaic technologies that …

New record efficiencies have been achieved on Cd-free Cu (In, Ga)(Se, S) 2 thin-film
photovoltaic submodules prepared by a two-step sulfurization after selenization process …

Iron pyrite (cubic FeS2) is a promising candidate absorber material for earth-abundant thin-
film solar cells. Here, we report on phase-pure, large-grain, and uniform polycrystalline …

A NaF/KF postdeposition treatment (PDT) has recently been employed to achieve new
record efficiencies of Cu (In, Ga) Se2 (CIGSe) thin film solar cells. We have used a …

Optically pumped near ultraviolet lasing from single-crystal GaN grown by metalorganic
chemical vapor deposition has been achieved over a temperature range from 10 K to over …

In this paper, Cu (In, Ga) Se 2 (CIGS) thin-film solar cells are prepared on nominally alkali-
free glass substrates using an in-line CIGS growth process. As compared with, for example …

Na plays an important role in the electrical performance of Cu (In, Ga) Se 2 (CIGS) thin-film
solar cells. Traditionally, Na has been introduced during the growth of CIGS by thermal …

This study utilized the 2-D Silvaco ATLAS simulator to design and optimize the CIGSe thin-
film solar cell (TFSC), considering experimental results from the hybrid-deposited CIGSe thin …

Currently, Cu-containing chalcopyrite-based solar cells provide the highest conversion
efficiencies among all thin-film photovoltaic (PV) technologies. They have reached efficiency …