The skin is the largest organ of the mammalian body. The outermost layer of mammalian
skin, the stratum corneum (SC) of the epidermis, consists of piles of dead corneocytes that …

Epidermal keratinocytes undergo a unique form of terminal differentiation and programmed
cell death known as cornification. Cornification leads to the formation of the outermost skin …

Amphiphilic lipids aggregate in aqueous solution into a variety of structural arrangements.
Among the plethora of ordered structures that have been reported, many have also been …

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are potent, mostly cationic, and amphiphilic broad-spectrum
host defense antimicrobials that are produced by all organisms ranging from prokaryotes to …

Keratins—types I and II—are the intermediate-filament-forming proteins expressed in
epithelial cells. They are encoded by 54 evolutionarily conserved genes (28 type I, 26 type …

Historically, the term 'keratin'stood for all of the proteins extracted from skin modifications,
such as horns, claws and hooves. Subsequently, it was realized that this keratin is actually a …

The ubiquitous presence of solar UV radiation in human life is essential for vitamin D
production but also leads to skin photoaging, damage, and malignancies. Photoaging and …

BACKGROUND: Loss-of-function mutations in filaggrin are major predisposing factors for
atopic dermatitis. Although various reports suggest a critical role for filaggrin in stratum …

Lipids have been widely used as main constituents in various drug delivery systems, such
as liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, and lipid‐based …

Since the beginning of the 1980s, cryo‐electron microscopy of a thin film of vitrified aqueous
suspension has made it possible to observe biological particles in their native state, in the …