This review comprises a detailed survey of ongoing methodologies for soft actuators,
highlighting approaches suitable for nanometer‐to centimeter‐scale robotic applications …

Abstract Machines are systems that harness input power to extend or advance function.
Fundamentally, machines are based on the integration of materials with mechanisms to …

The climbing microrobots have attracted growing attention due to their promising
applications in exploration and monitoring of complex, unstructured environments. Soft …

This article reviews, for the first time, the mechanical behaviour of functionally graded
structures at small-scale levels. Functionally graded nanoscale and microscale structures …

Stimulus-responsive materials are able to response to a particular stimulus, such as, heat,
chemical, and light. As such, they are smarter and more intelligent than ordinary materials …

TiNi thin films have attracted much attention in recent years as intelligent and functional
materials because of their unique properties. TiNi thin film based micro-actuators will …

Molecular martensitic materials are an emerging class of smart materials with enormous
tunability in physicochemical properties, attributed to the tailored molecular and crystal …

This paper provides a detailed overview of developments in transducer materials technology
relating to their current and future applications in micro-scale devices. Recent advances in …

In recent years, shape memory alloy (SMA) thin films have attracted significant attention from
the scientific community and industry for their potential applications in the field of smart …

This review article gives an overview of the new and quickly developing field of shape
memory alloy (SMA) actuators in smart structures. The focus is on the aspects of modeling …