Abstract The 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake (Mw 7.6) caused damage to 49 tunnels
within 60 km of the epicenter, including the collapse of three mountain tunnels, ending the …

Seismic risk is one of the biggest challenges for tunnel safety, and several mitigation
techniques have been proposed to enhance the seismic performance of existing tunnels …

This paper proposes convenient probabilistic models to estimate the seismic demands of
circular tunnels to transversal seismic load. The uncertainties in the earthquake intensity …

This paper presents a case study of a large cross-section high-speed railway tunnel overlaid
by a Q 2 soft-plastic loess layer. Due to poor engineering properties of the soft-plastic loess …

Understanding the soft soil layer-tunnel seismic interaction in the multi-layered ground is an
important issue for a safe seismic design. However, this issue remains unclear since most of …

Soil deposits inevitably affect the seismic performance of underground structures, and
underground tunnels are commonly constructed on sites composed of layered soil deposits …

Buoyancy is one of the most serious manifestations of underground structure's instability
during strong ground motions. Soil liquefaction along with significant reduction of its shear …

With the rapid development of underground space, more adverse site conditions are
occurring in the construction of underground structures. For example, a subway station …

In this study, reliability and sensitivity analyses were employed to investigate the effects of a
weak interlayer on tunnel face stability. Due to the irregular geology process and the …

Utility tunnels in urban areas are generally constructed using the cut-and-cover method, with
shallow depths and large dimensions. Given their high seismic vulnerability, especially in …