Molecular oxygen (O2) is essential for most biological reactions in mammalian cells. When
the intracellular oxygen content decreases, it is called hypoxia. The process of hypoxia is …

Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors, and develops because of the rapid growth of
the tumor that outstrips the oxygen supply, and impaired blood flow due to the formation of …

Historically, appreciation for the roles of resource gradients in biology has fluctuated
inversely to the popularity of genetic mechanisms. Nevertheless, in microbiology specifically …

Pancreatic cancer is a devastating gastrointestinal cancer characterized by late diagnosis,
limited treatment success and dismal prognosis. Exocrine tumours account for 95% of …

Anemia is a common complication in chronic kidney disease (CKD), and is associated with a
reduced quality of life, and an increased morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms involved …

Hypoxia induicible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) is a key transcription factor in cancer progression
and target therapy in cancer. HIF-1α acts differently depending on presence or absence of …

Abnormal blood and lymphatic vessels create a hostile tumor microenvironment
characterized by hypoxia, low pH, and elevated interstitial fluid pressure. These …

Abstract Hypoxia‑ischemia (H‑I) is frequently observed in perinatal asphyxia and other
diseases. It can lead to serious cardiac injury, cerebral damage, neurological disability and …

The gastrointestinal tract is a highly proliferative and regenerative tissue. The intestine also
harbors a large and diverse microbial population collectively called the gut microbiome …

Traditional herbal medicine (THM), an ancient science, is a gift from nature. For thousands of
years, it has helped humans fight diseases and protect life, health, and reproduction …