Recognition of pathogen-derived molecules by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is a
common feature of both animal and plant innate immune systems. In plants, PRR signalling …

Plants have been interacting with insects for several hundred million years, leading to
complex defense approaches against various insect feeding strategies. Some defenses are …

▪ Abstract Rapid generation of superoxide and accumulation of H2O2 is a characteristic
early feature of the hypersensitive response following perception of pathogen avirulence …

Pectin is a family of complex polysaccharides present in all plant primary cell walls. The
complicated structure of the pectic polysaccharides, and the retention by plants of the large …

As plants are confined to the place where they grow, they have to develop a broad range of
defence responses to cope with pathogenic infections. The oxidative burst, a rapid, transient …

It is now clear that hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) and nitric oxide (NO) function as signalling
molecules in plants. A wide range of abiotic and biotic stresses results in H 2 O 2 generation …

During the past few years, considerable progress has been made in understanding how
plants protect themselves against oxidative stress. Genes encoding plant antioxidant …

The plant cuticle and cell wall separate microbial pathogens from the products of plant
metabolism. While microbial pathogens try to breach these barriers for colonization, plants …

Nectar properties tend to be similar for plants visited by the same kinds of pollinators, and
much of the available information on nectar chemistry has been collected in the context of …

Effective pathogenesis by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum requires the secretion of oxalic
acid. Studies were conducted to determine whether oxalate aids pathogen compatibility by …