A growing literature studies the relationship between ideological and affective polarization.
By taking a Downsian approach to affective polarization we contribute to this literature and …

Recent years have seen a global surge in affective polarization, extending from the US to
European and Asian democracies. Concurrently, empirical research proliferates, exploring …

Bakker and Lelkes point at a critical gap in research on affective polarisation: the limited
understanding of its affective components, mainly due to the reliance on a unidimensional …

This study examines how voters' perceptions of ideological incongruence with political
parties affect their satisfaction with democracy. Using panel data from the British Election …

The current development of information technology has transformed the form of public
participation in politics. Political participation not only occurs in the real world but also in …

Politics can be an identity. Certainly, political contest can be divisive–politicians often attack
their opponents based on policies or stances. However, these divisions sometimes go …

Affektiv polarisering-at velgere misliker og demoniserer meningsmotstandere basert på
deres partitilhørighet-forekommer i europeiske flerpartisystemer, men er i liten grad studert i …

Affective polarisation occurs when partisans view opposing partisans negatively and co-
partisans positively. Most research has focused on depolarisation interventions …