In the context of multidimensional structures, with the presence of a common factor and
multiple specific or group factors, estimates of reliability require specific estimators. The use …

The purpose of this study is to review the status of differential item functioning (DIF) research
in language testing, particularly as it relates to the investigation of sources (or causes) of …

The testlets are prevalently used in national and international standard tests and the teacher-
made achievement tests thanks to their practicality. The purpose of the current study is to …

The authors of the Common Core State Standards and publishers of literacy programs focus
on an essential aspect of comprehension, the process of drawing inferences. An inference …

摘要解释性项目反应理论模型(Explanatory Item Response Theory Models, EIRTM)
是指基于广义线性混合模型和非线性混合模型构建的项目反应理论(Item Response Theory …

This study investigated differential item functioning (DIF), differential bundle functioning
(DBF), and differential test functioning (DTF) across gender of the reading comprehension …

My dissertation examines three current challenges of international large-scale assessments
(ILSAs) associated with the transition from linear testing to an adaptive testing design. ILSAs …

Explanatory item response theory models (EIRTM) refer to a family of item response theory
(IRT) models that are constructed based on the generalized linear mixed models and …