This review is devoted to discussing recent progress on the structure, thermodynamic,
reactivity, and dynamics of water and aqueous systems confined within different types of …

The hallmark of eukaryotic cells is the nucleus that contains the genome, enclosed by a
physical barrier known as the nuclear envelope (NE). On the one hand, this …

Tau is the major constituent of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the
mechanism underlying tau-associated neural damage remains unclear. Here, we show that …

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are biological nanomachines that mediate the bidirectional
traffic of macromolecules between the cytoplasm and nucleus in eukaryotic cells. This …

Highlights•Intrinsically disordered proteins have diverse roles in macromolecular
complexes.•Short sequences, repeated within disordered regions give rise to multivalent …

Liquid–liquid phase separation of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and other
biomolecules is a highly complex but robust process used by living systems. Drawing …

The nuclear envelope (NE) is a bilayer membrane that separates and physically isolates the
genetic material from the cytoplasm. Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are cylindrical …

Highlights•Low complexity (LC) sequences are prominent in eukaryotic proteomes.•LC
sequences are composed of a parsimonious subset of the naturally occurring amino …

Many intrinsically disordered peptides have been shown to undergo liquid–liquid phase
separation and form complex coacervates, which play various regulatory roles in the cell …

Although the separation of transcription and translation, mediated by the nuclear envelope,
is the defining characteristic of Eukaryotes, the barrier between the nuclear and cytoplasmic …