Application of historic datasets to understanding open solar flux and the 20th-century grand solar maximum. 2. Solar observations

M Lockwood, MJ Owens, SL Yardley… - Frontiers in Astronomy …, 2022 - frontiersin.org
We study historic observations of solar activity from the 20th-century rise towards the peak of
the Modern Grand Solar Maximum (MGSM) and compare with observations of the decline …

Flattening index of the solar corona and the Sun's magnetic field

MI Pishkalo - Solar Physics, 2022 - Springer
The photometric-flattening index of the solar corona was introduced by Ludendorff in the
1930s. It characterizes the white-light corona's shape as observed during total solar …

The Coronal Flattening Index at the 20 April 2023 Total Solar Eclipse and the Prediction of Solar Cycle 25

AD Pangestu, AA Yusuf, HA Prastyo, M Rayhan… - Solar Physics, 2024 - Springer
The Ludendorff coronal flattening index is a quantitative parameter to analyze the global
structure and shape of the corona. This index plays a crucial role in identifying solar …

Coronal Flattening Index of Total Solar Eclipse on 20 April 2023 and the Prediction of Solar Cycle 25 Maximum

AD Pangestu, AA Yusuf, HA Prastyo, M Rayhan… - 2023 - researchsquare.com
We observed a total solar eclipse (TSE) on 20 April 2023 in Timor Leste and analyzed the
isophote of the coronal image. We obtained a coronal flattening index (ε) with a value of 0.10 …