Many pathogens that cause chronic diseases in birds use the respiratory tract as a primary
route of infection, and respiratory disorders are the main leading source of financial losses in …

Newcastle disease is caused by virulent strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), which
causes substantial morbidity and mortality events worldwide in poultry. The virus strains can …

Diseases of Poultry is the most comprehensive reference for all aspects of poultry health and
diseases, including pathogenesis, diagnostics, epidemiology, and control methods …

The Paramyxoviridae family has several genera that include important human and
veterinary pathogens such as Rubulavirus, Respiroviruses, Henipavirus, and the Avulavirus …

Viruses can infect all cell-based organisms, from bacteria to humans, animals, and plants.
They are responsible for numerous cases of hospitalization, many deaths, and widespread …

Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most devastating diseases that considerably cripple
the global poultry industry. Because of its enormous socioeconomic importance and …

The poultry industry is the largest source of meat and eggs for human consumption
worldwide. However, viral outbreaks in farmed stock are a common occurrence and a major …

Newcastle disease (ND) infects wild birds and poultry species worldwide, severely
impacting the economics of the poultry industry. ND is especially problematic in Latin …

The invaluable health, economic and social impacts of vaccination are hard to exaggerate.
The ability to stabilize vaccines is urgently required for their equitable distribution without the …

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) belongs to Paramyxoviridae, which contains lethal human
and animal pathogens. NDV RNA genome is replicated and transcribed by a multifunctional …