Simple Summary Horses are mainly housed in individual boxes. This housing system is
reported to be highly detrimental with regard to welfare and could trigger the expression of …

Simple Summary Positive animal welfare is a relatively new concept which promotes the
welfare benefits of providing animals with greater opportunities for positive experiences, in …

Simple Summary Equine-assisted therapies (EATs) are often applied to patients with
different types of either mental or physical conditions. The increasing application of EATs …

This chapter reviews assessing emotions in pigs, specifically focussing on the ways of
determining negative and positive mental states. It begins by examining behavioural …

The facial expressions of animals constitute a means of manifesting emotions, fulfilling
functions related to social interactions in several species. Interest has come to use facial …

Simple Summary Horses are required to perform a wide variety of activities. Training a horse
for these activities may influence the horse's perception of and reactions to different stimuli …

Productive and behavioral responses of finishing pigs with and without access to
environmental enrichment (EE) were evaluated. A total of 432 pigs, male and female …

The purpose of this chapter is to provide some tentative welfare range estimates and to
explain how we generated them. Again, assuming hedonism, we've proposed that the task …

The resistance of pigs' bone structure was evaluated for the first time, reared with and
without environmental enrichment (EE) in the finishing phase using techniques in bone …

Conventional pigs are typically raised under intensive conditions, which often do not meet
pigs' basic needs regarding behavioural expression and cognitive challenge, likely …