Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the deadliest among women worldwide.
Estrogen signaling is closely associated with hormone-dependent breast cancer (estrogen …

Prevailing wisdom is that estrogen receptor (ER)-α mediated genomic estrogen signaling is
responsible for estrogen-stimulated cell proliferation and development of ER-positive breast …

Sex steroids have been widely described to be associated with a number of human
diseases, including hormone-dependent tumors. Several studies have been concerned …

The 66 kDa estrogen receptor alpha (ERα66) is the main molecular target for endocrine
therapy such as tamoxifen treatment. However, many patients develop resistance with …

Introduction: Breast cancer is clinically classified as 'estrogen-positive'when at least 1% of
cancer cells stain for the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). However, recent research on both …

Breast cancer, emerging malignancy is common among women due to overexpression of
estrogen. Estrogens are biosynthesized from androgens by aromatase, a cytochrome P450 …

Tamoxifen is still the most frequently used antiestrogen for the treatment of patients with
premenopausal, estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. However, in 20–30% of these …

Acquired tamoxifen (TAM) resistance limits the therapeutic benefit of TAM in patients with
hormone-dependent breast cancer. The switch from estrogen-dependent to growth factor …

Estrogen is a significant factor in the maintenance and progression of hormone-dependent
breast cancer. As well known, aromatase mediates the production of estrogen. Thus …

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive tumor that accounts for
approximately 15% of total breast cancer cases. It is characterized by poor prognosis and …