Balancing high energy-consuming danger resistance and low energy supply of disease
tolerance is a universal survival principle that often fails during sepsis. Our research …

Capillary endothelial cells possess a specialized metabolism necessary to adapt to the
unique alveolar-capillary environment. Here, we highlight how endothelial metabolism …

Intermittent (or bolus) feeding regimens in critically ill patients have been of increasing
interest to clinicians and scientists. Changes in amino acid, fat and carbohydrate metabolites …

Bioenergetic failure caused by impaired utilisation of glucose and fatty acids contributes to
organ dysfunction across multiple tissues in critical illness. Ketone bodies may form an …

Background & aims Although vitamin D deficiency is common in critically ill patients,
randomized controlled trials fail to demonstrate benefits of supplementation. We aimed to …

Background As new infectious diseases (ID) emerge and others continue to mutate, there
remains an imminent threat, especially for vulnerable individuals. Yet no generalizable …

Septic shock is associated with over 40% mortality. The immune response in septic shock is
tightly regulated by cellular metabolism and transitions from early hyper-inflammation to later …

Micronutrient (MN) status alterations (both depletion and deficiency) are associated with
several complications and worse outcomes in critically ill patients. On the other side of the …

Sepsis is a major cause of death worldwide, with a mortality rate that has remained
stubbornly high. The current gold standard of risk stratifying sepsis patients provides limited …

Vitamin D studies in the critically ill show that low plasma vitamin D levels are common in the
intensive care unit (ICU). This chapter will highlight the risk factors for low vitamin D in the …