Forming the inner layer of the vascular system, endothelial cells (ECs) facilitate a multitude
of crucial physiological processes throughout the body. Vascular ECs enable the vessel wall …

In mammals, many classes of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are expressed at a much higher
level in the brain than in other organs. Recent studies have identified a new class of ncRNAs …

No matter what their origin, strain and family, viruses have evolved exquisite strategies to
reach and penetrate specific target cells where they hijack the cellular machinery to express …

Cell-derived small extracellular vesicles have been exploited as potent drug vehicles.
However, significant challenges hamper their clinical translation, including inefficient …

More than two decades have passed since genetically modified HIV was used for gene
delivery. Through continuous improvements these early marker gene-carrying HIVs have …

Deciphering immune recognition is critical for understanding a broad range of diseases and
for the development of effective vaccines and immunotherapies. Efforts to do so are limited …

Recent developments in the use of viruses as vaccine vectors have been facilitated by a
better understanding of viral biology. Advances occur as we gain greater insight into the …

Lentiviral vectors (LVs) have emerged as potent and versatile vectors for ex vivo or in vivo
gene transfer into dividing and nondividing cells. Robust phenotypic correction of diseases …

The capacity to efficiently transduce nondividing cells, shuttle large genetic payloads, and
maintain stable long-term transgene expression are attributes that have brought lentiviral …

Background: We have recently identified down-regulated microRNAs including miR-145 and
miR-133a in bladder cancer (BC). The aim of this study is to determine the genes targeted …