Since the observation that nitric oxide (NO) can act as an intercellular messenger in the
brain, the past 25 years have witnessed the steady accumulation of evidence that it acts pre …

Synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitter at chemical synapses, thus initiating the flow of
information in neural networks. To achieve this, vesicles undergo a dynamic cycle of fusion …

Mitochondria support synaptic transmission through production of ATP, sequestration of
calcium, synthesis of glutamate, and other vital functions. Surprisingly, less than 50% of …

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood-onset psychiatric
disorder characterized by inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. ADHD exhibits …

Synaptic plasticity deficits are increasingly recognized as causing the memory impairments
which define Alzheimer's disease (AD). In AD mouse models, evidence of abnormal synaptic …

Neurotransmitters are released at synapses by synaptic vesicles (SVs), which originate from
SV precursors (SVPs) that have traveled along the axon. Because each synapse maintains …

Chronic degeneration of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) is a precursor to pathological
changes in the outer retina. The RPE monolayer, which lies beneath the neuroretina, daily …

Nitric oxide (NO) is a very reactive molecule, and its short half-life would make it virtually
invisible until its discovery. NO activates soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), increasing 3′, 5 …

The fusion of synaptic vesicles (SVs) with the plasma membrane of the active zone (AZ)
upon arrival of an action potential (AP) at the presynaptic compartment is a tightly regulated …

At small central synapses, efficient turnover of vesicles is crucial for stimulus-driven
transmission, but how the structure of this recycling pool relates to its functional role remains …