Malaria is possibly the most serious infectious disease of humans, infecting 5–10% of the
world's population, with 300–600 million clinical cases and more than 2 million deaths …

Maintaining the correct number of healthy red blood cells (RBCs) is critical for proper
oxygenation of tissues throughout the body. Therefore, RBC homeostasis is a tightly …

Naturally acquired immunity to malaria develops slowly, requiring several years of repeated
exposure to be effective. The cellular and molecular factors underlying this observation are …

Hemozoin (HZ) is an insoluble crystal formed in the food vacuole of malaria parasites. HZ
has been reported to induce inflammation by directly engaging Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9, an …

Malaria parasites within red blood cells digest host hemoglobin into a hydrophobic heme
polymer, known as hemozoin (HZ), which is subsequently released into the blood stream …

Background Characteristic symptoms of malaria include recurrent fever attacks and
neurodegeneration, signs that are also found in patients with a hyperactive Nalp3 …

The intraerythrocytic parasite Plasmodium—the causative agent of malaria—produces an
inorganic crystal called hemozoin (Hz) during the heme detoxification process, which is …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have emerged as a major receptor family involved in non-self
recognition. They have a vital role in triggering innate immunity and orchestrate the acquired …

Severe malaria is manifest by a variety of clinical syndromes dependent on properties of
both the host and the parasite. In young infants, severe malarial anemia (SMA) is the most …

Malaria is a deadly infectious disease caused by the intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite
Plasmodium. The four species of Plasmodium known to affect humans all produce an …