Variable-order fractional operators were conceived and mathematically formalized only in
recent years. The possibility of formulating evolutionary governing equations has led to the …

The interior of a living cell is a crowded, heterogenuous, fluctuating environment. Hence, a
major challenge in modeling intracellular transport is to analyze stochastic processes within …

Fractional Operators with Constant and Variable Order with Application to Geo-hydrology
provides a physical review of fractional operators, fractional variable order operators, and …

One of the major challenges in modern biology is to understand how the molecular
components of a living cell operate in a highly noisy environment. What are the specific …

A particle's motion in crowded environments often exhibits anomalous diffusion, whose
nature depends on the situation at hand and is formalized within different physical models …

Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) is a key fluorescence microscopy technique to map the
environment and interaction of fluorescent probes. It can report on photophysical events that …

Dendritic spines are the primary site of excitatory input on most principal neurons. Long-
lasting changes in synaptic activity are accompanied by alterations in spine shape, size and …

Most synaptic inputs are made onto the dendritic tree. Recent work has shown that dendrites
play an active role in transforming synaptic input into neuronal output and in defining the …

Long-term potentiation (LTP) at glutamatergic synapses is considered to underlie learning
and memory and is associated with the enlargement of dendritic spines. Because the …

A fundamental challenge in understanding how dendritic spine morphology controls
learning and memory has been quantifying three-dimensional (3D) spine shapes with …