Next to numerous abiotic stresses, plants are constantly exposed to a variety of pathogens
within their environment. Thus, their ability to survive and prosper during the course of …

Abiotic and biotic stresses are major limiting factors of crop yields and cause billions of
dollars of losses annually around the world. It is hoped that understanding at the molecular …

Calcium is an essential plant nutrient. It is required for various structural roles in the cell wall
and membranes, it is a counter‐cation for inorganic and organic anions in the vacuole, and …

Many extracellular signals, including light, biotic, and abiotic stress factors, elicit changes in
cellular Ca2+ concentration in plants (Trewavas and Knight, 1994; Bush, 1995; Braam et al …

Environmental stimuli such as UV, pathogen attack, and gravity can induce rapid changes in
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels, leading to a variety of physiological responses in plants …

The complexity of Ca2+ patterns observed in eukaryotic cells, including plants, has led to the
hypothesis that specific patterns of Ca2+ propagation, termed Ca2+ signatures, encode …

▪ Abstract Calmodulin is a small Ca2+-binding protein that acts to transduce second
messenger signals into a wide array of cellular responses. Plant calmodulins share many …

We reported earlier that the tobacco early ethylene-responsive gene NtER1 encodes a
calmodulin-binding protein (Yang, T., and Poovaiah, BW (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 38467 …

Accumulating evidence suggests that Ca2+ serves as a messenger in many normal growth
and developmental process and in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Numerous …

Sessile plants have developed a very delicate system to sense diverse kinds of endogenous
developmental cues and exogenous environmental stimuli by using a simple Ca 2+ ion …