Data encryption aims to protect the confidentiality of data at storage, during transmission, or
while in processing. However, it is not always the optimum choice as attackers know the …

Traffic classification acquired the interest of the Internet community early on. Different
approaches have been proposed to classify Internet traffic to manage both security and …

We describe “domain fronting,” a versatile censorship circumvention technique that hides
the remote endpoint of a communication. Domain fronting works at the application layer …

In response to the growing popularity of Tor and other censorship circumvention systems,
censors in non-democratic countries have increased their technical capabilities and can …

Despite a long history of research and wide-spread applications to censorship resistant
systems, practical steganographic systems capable of embedding messages into realistic …

Censorship-circumvention systems are designed to help users bypass Internet censorship.
As more sophisticated deep-packet-inspection (DPI) mechanisms have been deployed by …

Deep packet inspection (DPI) technologies provide much-needed visibility and control of
network traffic using port-independent protocol identification, where a network flow is …

Deep packet inspection technology became a cornerstone of Internet censorship by
facilitating cheap and effective filtering of what censors consider undesired information …

Researchers and censoring regimes have long engaged in a cat-and-mouse game, leading
to increasingly sophisticated Internet-scale censorship techniques and methods to evade …

Many censorship circumvention tools rely on trusted proxies that allow users within
censored regions to access blocked Internet content by tunneling it through a covert channel …