On the basis of its generally accessible I/II redox couple and bioavailability, copper plays a
wide variety of roles in nature that mostly involve electron transfer (ET), O 2 binding …

Arbutin is a compound of hydroquinone and D-glucose, and it has been over 30 years since
there have been serious studies on the skin lightening action of this substance. In the …

Controlling unwanted hyperpigmentation is a major challenge in dermatology and
cosmetology, and safe and efficacious antimelanogenic agents are deemed useful for this …

All organisms, from simple invertebrates to complex human beings, exist in different colors
and patterns, which arise from the unique distribution of pigments throughout the body …

Salt-inducible kinases (SIKs) belong to AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) family, and
functions mainly involve in regulating energy response-related physiological processes …

Skin‐lightening products are commercially available for cosmetic purposes to obtain lighter
skin complexion. Clinically, they are also used for treatment of hyperpigmentary disorders …

▪ Abstract The first mouse microphthalmia transcription factor (Mitf) mutation was discovered
over 60 years ago, and since then over 24 spontaneous and induced mutations have been …

Skin pigmentation is due to the accumulation of two types of melanin granules in the
keratinocytes. Besides being the most potent blocker of ultraviolet radiation, the role of …

Melanogenesis is a biosynthetic pathway for the formation of the pigment melanin in human
skin. A key enzyme, tyrosinase, catalyzes the first and only rate-limiting steps in …

Malignant melanoma is a neoplasm of melanocytes, and the microphthalmia‐associated
transcription factor (MITF) is essential for the existence of melanocytes. MITF's relevance for …