Abstract In May 2019, the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics
(ISAPP) convened a panel of nutritionists, physiologists and microbiologists to review the …

Numerous studies have indicated that the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to
end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is strictly associated with the accumulation of toxic …

Dysbiosis represents changes in composition and structure of the gut microbiome
community (microbiome), which may dictate the physiological phenotype (health or …

If chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an impairment of kidney function, several
uremic solutes are retained. Some of these exert toxic effects, which are called uremic …

Inflammation, a process intimately linked to renal disease, can be defined as a complex
network of interactions between renal parenchymal cells and resident immune cells, such as …

Results Of 37 individuals randomized (age= 69±10 years old; 57% men; eGFR= 24±8
ml/min per 1.73 m 2), 31 completed the study. Synbiotic therapy did not significantly reduce …

Also known as the “second human genome,” the gut microbiome plays important roles in
both the maintenance of health and the pathogenesis of disease. The symbiotic relationship …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by accumulation of protein-bound uremic
toxins such as p-cresyl sulfate, p-cresyl glucuronide, indoxyl sulfate and indole-3-acetic acid …

Probiotics are the focus of a thorough investigation as a natural biotreatment due to their
various health-promoting effects and inherent ability to fight specific diseases including …

Chronic kidney disease is highly prevalent worldwide. The decline of renal function is
associated with inadequate removal of a variety of uremic toxins that exert detrimental …